img_6974
In 1984, after decades under the iron-fisted Yugoslavia regime, Mustaf “Mujo” Rugova, an ethnic Albanian from a small village in Montenegro, escaped the tumult of ethnic persecution to join what became the mass Albanian exodus.
On the way to America, he was caught and detained while illegally crossing the Mexican border. “It took me 30 days from my village of Plav to the Bronx,” said Rugova, 47, from his warehouse office on Merritt Avenue, giving his back to a huge plasma monitor capturing live surveillance images from all his stores in the Bronx.
Rugova today is one of the biggest importers of European products in New York City. His L&M European market has expanded in the last eight years into three branches on 204th street, Arthur Avenue of Little Italy, and Lydig Avenue–all in the Bronx.
His markets contribute to the thriving presence of Albanian immigrant businessmen in the Bronx. Many have converted Lydig Avenue into what is now known as “Little Albania.” The block is an eclectic blend of Albanian pizzerias and bakeries, kosher Russian butchers, and small European markets, providing staples for the sizable Albanian and eastern European communities in New York City.
“It took years of dedication and hard work to gradually move up from the bottom,” said Rugova, as he supervised a large cheese delivery from Bulgaria arriving at his warehouse.
Products such as Bulgarian cheese, Albanian sujuk, hot banana peppers from Macedonia, and Rugova’s brand jars can be found on his shops’ shelves. “This is the forefront of all European markets in the Bronx,” said Rugova’s wife, Linda, who manages the Lydig Avenue branch.
He began work as an assistant plumber, making just $5 a day, and faced many hardships before opening his first grocery shop on Pelham Parkway in 2003.
Rugova is part of the second wave of ethnic Albanian immigrants to the Bronx. The first wave arrived in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, filling the vacuum left by Italian families on Pelham Parkway and around Morris Park and Arthur Avenue. Those nationalities were leaving in droves to the suburbs. The area is now home to the most populous Albanian community in the country.
These immigrants started off in low skilled positions in restaurants, grocery stores and building maintenance. Using a combination of business acumen and a strong work ethic, many gradually moved on from renters to becoming owners of the building.
George Dedvukaj, 58, a Catholic Albanian immigrant from Montenegro, and the owner of Giovanni’s Pizzeria, is one example.
Dedvukaj, who immigrated in 1970, after spending 18 months in Italy, is a quirky self-made, and highly esteemed entrepreneur. He worked in Italian-owned pizzerias in the Bronx for 26 years before acquiring his own restaurant.
Since 1996, Dedvukaj and his family have run Giovanni’s Italian restaurant on Arthur Avenue, a landmark address in the Bronx.
“I bought it from its Italian owners, who had to give up their store and move upstate,” said Dedvukaj.
As the neighborhood changed from a solidly Italian enclave, to a mixture of Italians, Eastern European and Latin Americans, Dedvukaj said his clientele has changed as well.
“As we have grown roots, our clients have changed to reflect all backgrounds. They come here for the signature pizza I personally make,” Dedvukaj said, flipping pizza dough in Giovanni’s kitchen, something he said he has passionately done for the last 15 years.
Ismer Mjeku, 50, publisher of the Albanian Yellow Pages, said that the tendency of Albanians to settle in Italian-domain areas was not coincidental, but rather the result of the strong historical ties between the two people. The majority of early Albanian immigrants had to seek temporary asylum in Italy before they could reach the shores of America.
“We are like brothers with Italians,” Mjeku said. “There is even a mixed-blood group called the Albanian-Italians, Arbëresh, in the south of Italy.”
Albanians running Italian restaurants in the Bronx often face scorn from clients for “imitating” the Italian recipes. Rugova, who co-owns Portofino with his brother Mario, said he regularly encounters animosity.
“You want real Italian food?” he once told an Italian-American senior citizen, “then you should call your travel agent and fly to Napoli or Sicily.”
Rugova, a burly chain smoker with long, unkempt hair and a raspy voice, explained this phenomenon as a shift of power within the Bronx decades ago when it began to lose its luster to many of the newer generations of Jewish and Italian families.
“We used to take the working day jobs in those restaurants under its authentic Italian management, and now we own them,” Rugova said. “Now the Mexicans and the Caribbeans are doing these jobs for us, and who knows? Maybe they will become the next owners of the Italian restaurants in the Bronx.”
After escaping years of economic setbacks and ethnic persecution back home, Albanians are thriving in the Bronx. (MAHMOUD SABBAGH/The Bronx Ink)
Albanian affluence follows in the footsteps of other immigrant groups.
Mjeku who has been the publisher of the Albanian Yellow Pages for 15 years, estimated the size of the Albanian community in New York at roughly between 175,000 and 200,000. “We have 40,000 listed phone numbers in our white pages. If we estimated five family members for each phone, that’s almost 200,000,” he said.
He estimated that two-thirds of the Albanian community in New York is located in the Bronx itself.
Mjeku’s annually updated book compiles lists of all personal contacts, businesses and real estate holdings of Albanians in the country. “I am more efficient than the government data,” he said.
Albanians have followed the real estate business model previously developed by Jewish immigrants in the borough. They have bought up property in less expensive areas en masse and now lay claim to, by some estimates, one-third of all apartment buildings in the Bronx, according to Mjeku.
Major Albanian landlords took over rental apartments during the 1973 apartment-building crisis in the Bronx, said Mjeku, who was about to publish a new book entitled “One Life Between Kosovo and United States,” a story of Harry Bajraktari, a prominent Albanian real estate mogul with hundreds of apartment units in his portfolio.
Although the majority of the Albanians in the Bronx come from the middle class, more successful families have embraced their newfound prosperity and began moving out of the Bronx for the wealthier suburbs in Westchester County. Some began assuming more institutional organization roles in their communities, even running for political office.
Albanian Americans span the political spectrum, their votes historically determined not by party but by a candidate’s foreign policy towards their homeland.
“Many Albanian Americans voted for Clinton in his first tenure,” said Mjeku. “But returned and voted overwhelmingly against him during his second tenure.”
This was due the entrance of Bob Dole, in the 1996 presidential race. He was a very close friend with the Albanian community and promised to support Kosovo independence.
Seizing on the interest, the Albanian American Civic League – an effective lobbing group in Washington for social and political interests – was founded by Joseph J. DioGuardi, a Catholic Arbëresh native, who once served as a Congressman for the 20th District of New York.
“Lobbying on homeland freedom, I contributed lots of money to the freedom of Kosovo,” Rugova said.
Mjeku, a congenial businessman who appears almost excessively well groomed, is a community leader himself who tries to bring Albanians of all faiths together.
“Motherland is what matters to Albanians, whether you are a Muslim, a Catholic, or an Orthodox Christian,” Mjeku said.
Dalip Greca, 50, the editor of the Gazeta Dielli, or in English, “The Sun” paper–the oldest Albanian newspaper in the world since 1909–mirrors Mjeku’s sentiments. “Albanian nationalism comes first to us, then religion follows,” he said, pointing to a two black and white portrays on the wall of his office on Southern Blvd.
Greca, who has a slight build and cherubic features, immigrated to America in 2000, pointed to the photos of the two founders of VATRA organization; the PanAlbanian Federation of America, which funds the Gazeta Dielli paper. In Greca’s interpretation, it represents the ultimate Albanian integration.
VATRA was founded in April 1912 by two pioneer Albanian immigrants – Fan S. Noli, a Catholic Bishop and FaikKonitza, a Muslim scholar. They both attended Harvard University before establishing VATRA to promote a unifying national spirit among their compatriots.
“We are older than the independence of Albania itself,” said Dr. GjonBucaj, director of VATRA, a respectable physician, who has been VATRA’s director since 1999.
The Republic of Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in Nov. 28, 1912, but native Albanians were still scattered across other neighboring countries such as Montenegro, Kosovo, and Macedonia.
For generations, Albanian immigrants in the Bronx have aimed to fully assimilate their children into the cultural and social norms of American society. They all go to local public schools, though some community programs provide Albanian language lessons for them on weekends.
The “ShkollaShqipe Ne Bronx,” or in English, the Albanian-American school in the Bronx, is a nonprofit school funded by local families. “Tuition is only $120 per term, and we only operate on Saturday and Sunday for three hours,” said Dedvukaj, who besides running Giovanni’s restaurant is also the supervisor of the school.
Mjeku’s children have been attending this school in the weekend. “My two children will pursue law and medicine majors later in college,” he said with assertion.
“We are fed up with warfare business,” said Rugova, pointing towards a photo of his 90-year-old grandfather on his office wall. “My grandfather’s traditional turban was his shroud. Every man had to wear his own death cover in my village.”
Rugova had to leave school in fourth grade because he was not able to study what he wanted to under the Communist rule. He said all he wants is for his three sons and daughter – all of whom are in college or high school- to integrate and accept others.
The Catholic Albanian Church in the Bronx – “Zoja e Shkodres,” – plays a distinct community role and does not descrimante on the basis of faith. “We all attend the Catholic Church for events regardless of our faith,” said Mjeku, who is Muslim by birth, yet hangs a poster of Nene Terezes, the Albanian sister, formally known as Mother Teresa, on his modern office overlooking Arthur Avenue.
Mjeku is the director of the annual Albanian-American Festival in the Bronx, “FestivaliShaqiptar,” which is the biggest cultural Albanian event in America.
Celebrated annually in November, thousands gather for Albanian Folk music and dance. The festival recently celebrated its 21st anniversary at Lehman College.
Mjeku pointed out that among the festival’s organizing community were Albanians from all religions.
“The festival is presented by The Mother Teresa Center of Our Lady of Shkodra Roman Catholic Church, and a Fustanella performing group from Boston with a Sufi influence won the contest,” Mjeku said.
Albanians in New York City enjoy many community amenities and organizations that are lacking in other places. However, they still express their desire for an Albanian house that would unify the community under one roof.
“We lack an Albanian cultural center,” said Mjeku, suggesting that there might be an ongoing Manhattan-based plan in the pipeline.
Mjeku, who is inspired by the Jewish community in New York, in their institutional organization efforts, even saw a blue-print for his own Yellow Pages business in the old Jewish Yellow Pages years ago. The guide has since been sold to publishing conglomerate, Verizon, in a lucrative deal.
Asked whether he would sell his Albanian yellow pages if he received a similar deal?
“Of course I will do,” Mjeku promptly said. “As long as it helps to continue the thriving of the Albanian community.”
Albanian-owned businesses on Lydig Avenue:
I never heard an Italian ever say “Albanians and Italians” are like brothers, sorry. Maybe this gentleman would like to have others believe this. I know a lot of Italians moved out when the Albanians started moving in. This sounds more factual.
For over 500 years, Albanians have played a vital role in the history of Southern Italy. Beginning in 1448, the King of Naples enlisted the help of General Demetrios Reres, of the Albanian army, to help him defeat a rebellious uprising in Naples. In exchange for their aid, Naples’s king declared the Albanian general governor of Calabria, granting land to the Albanians in the mountainous area called Catanzaro.
One generation later, the Kingdom of Naples once again needed Albanian military assistance. This time, the legendary Albanian leader, Skanderbeg, dispatched his troops to Italy to end a French supported insurrection. The skilled Albanian soldiers effectively saved Napoli and were rewarded with land east of Taranto in Apulia. A stronger alliance was formed between the two nations and Skanderbeg became the new commander of the Neapolitan-Albanian army.
The success of Skanderbeg and the powerful Albanian army eventually came to an end. Like much of the Mediterranean, Albania became subject to the invading Turks. Many of its people fled the invasion to Venice. Throughout the 1500’s, Venice and southern Italy was a refuge to Albanians. During these periods of concentrated Albanian immigration, many Albanian villages were formed in Calabria, Basilicata, Brindisi, and Sicily. The new immigrants often took up work as mercenaries hired by the Italian armies.
Many of these villages still exist in Southern Italy. Over 800,000 Albanians in Italy speak a language called ‘Tosca.” Tosca is a type of Albanian distinct to Italy. It is primarily Aberesh ( the native language of Albania), but also contains Italian and traces of Greek. Although Tosca is not an official language of Italy, it can be heard spoken at homes in Albanian-Italian villages like Civita. There are four Tosca dialects, all spoken in Southern Italy. Those dialects are Sicilian Albanian, Calabrian Albanian, Central Mountain Albanian, and Field Marino Albanian.
Throughout Calabria and much of Southern Italy, Albanian customs influence many local festivals. Celebrations for the harvest emphasizing mushrooms and chestnuts typify Albanian influence. In some of these celebration, nostalgia for the Albanian soil left behind weaves through the festivity.
So although Italy may be facing what seems like a new immigration problem, the presence of ethnic-Albanians in Italy has a long historical precedence.
o yes that is so true because u guys are special.i work in the pizzeria and ppl tell me all day along if im italian i say no way im albanian , how you like me now lol
Brotherhood? I guess if you want to call a group of people who run around New York pretending to be Italian; to the point of using fake names and fake Italian accents, then it’s a “brotherhood”. Funny, there isn’t one Italian or any other person who pretends to be Albanian. Why is that?
No, I’m afraid this brotherly feeling of love of Italians is very unrequited. Most Italians think of Albanians as Gypsies.
It’s for shame as Albania appears to have a decent culture of their own. Not that anyone would know…
Which italians see albanians as gypsies? The ones who’d give anything to have an albanian daughter in law maybe? I have yet to meet an italian couple in their 50’s who didn’t offer me their son or their nephew or w.e and if anyone is regarded as gypsies that’d be the italians by the Americans. If you think slutty loud disgusting and so on you are an american talking about italians how many times have we heard that?I myself grew up admiring italian culture and music and theatre but the thats not the thing in the US. Italians and italian americans have nothing in common in fact they hate you guys. They are embarrassed by yiu dressing up like you still run whore houses in tge 15th cent and not knowing how to pronounce one not even one freaking word in italian and don’t even get me started about how IGNORANT italian americans are of actual italian culture blaahh. And no one no one wants to be Italian def not italian american and just bc some of us are roman catholic doesnt mean we’re stealing your name you idiot you didn’t invent catholicism. And as for gypsies pleaseeee have you seen how dark you guys are??? Half of Italy looks Arabic maybe bc they were under their rule for hmm. Idkk 7centuries? So go read something before you talk bs
The connection between Italy and Albanians is ancient, going back to at least the time of the Roman empire, who’s Illyrian soldiers (along with Spaniards) were considered the backbone of the army. Four Roman emperors were of Illyrian origin, and the fist Pope of organized Christianity was Elefterius, who was from the modern region of Elbasan/Skampa in central Albania. Both the catholic and Orthodox churches acknowledge his origins. There were many later popes of Albanian heritage. Italy’s first prime minister in the 19th century Francesco Crispi was a Sicilian of Albanian/Arberesh origins, his family still speaking their language after nearly 400 years on Italian soil. Many Italians often referred to him as the ‘Albanese’ prime minister of the new nation of Italy.
Albanians always went to Italy first before immigrating elsewhere, as Italy was always somewhat sympathetic to their plight while other nations were not. When tens of thousands of Albanians were fleeing their chaotic and impoverished homeland in the 90’s, the Italian government herded many of them them into soccer stadiums until they knew what to do about this refugee problem. The Italian people demanded better treatment for the ‘fradelli Albanese’ and even started cooking-fires in the streets, boiling pots of macaroni to feed the Albanian masses. This doesn’t sound like Italians think negatively about Albanians at all.
Of course prejudice exists everywhere, but prejudice exists because of ignorance of facts. Those who claim to not know of this obvious connection between Albanians and Italians are ignorant of history. It’s never too late to learn something new that is actually very old knowledge.
Bravo sir. Excellent sharing of historical knowledge.
Wow i cannot even believe the immaturity level with some of these comments. Albanians and Italians are more similar than we realize. So much so as many of southern italians have arbereshe blood and not even realize it. Throughout history we’ve helped eachother out, and if we stick together we can probably kick some ass.
All of what you just said is true, plus our strong family values (try messing with albanian or italian families, work ethic, and nationalistic pride!
Italians and Albanians aren’t alike. On one side we have Muslim Kosovo with one of it’s main allies, Turkey. On the other side, we have the Catholic Italians with the countries in the far west. The only Albanians that say that Albanians and Italians have similarities are the brainwashed Albanian Christians From Montenegro and Shkodra. I am Albanian myself, and some of the things people say about the Albanian race literally sounds like it is coming from the top of their heads (out of nowhere)
It’s unfortunate that someone views the relationship between Italians and Albanians as something to talk badly about. The Italians and Albanians have always had good relations, but this ‘citizenrich’ person believes otherwise. Albanians never pretended to be Italians, why do you believe that? Have we personally tried to copy your traditions? I don’t think so.
Albanians have a rich culture that goes back before ancient Greece…. We embrace who we are as a whole, and we would never try to “copy” someone else’s culture. No Albanians that I know of have “fake” Italian names, they’re traditional Albanian names, maybe if you read a book or two, you would know that.
I find it hilarious that a person could feel so jealous of Albanians that they personally took their time to write negative comments, and then say that we use “fake Italian accents,” I almost cried laughing.
Albanians love Italians, and Italians love Albanians, it’s always been that way, and it’s going to stay that way. I honestly and truly feel sorry for you ‘citizenrich,’ I truly and honestly do, simply due to the fact that you seem bitter, and uneducated. Your wistful excuse of a comment was entertaining, not only because you weren’t speaking factually, but that you actually believed that your ideas about our lives were legitimate.
May God Bless you with happiness, love, and knowledge.
Yes! Loved your comment! This is so true. We’ve always been good friends with one another, and we’ve always have respect for one another. It’s sad to see people disputing our relations.
I grew on 187 street. And i never go to an itaian restaurant owned by albaians. I want the real thing.
Yeah well if George and Frank! The Albanian slumlords who never provided heat in the 70s and sent to jail for brandishing a pistol on an elderly woman apparently threatening her at gunpoint for the rent. The Albanians were notorious slumlords in the 70s. This nice little article is fictitious and insulting to readers who want z balanced perspective not an Albanian fairy tale- if such a thing e xists. Apologize for a hat you did tu o people as slumlords in the 70s!!!
Christianity predates Islam in the region by many many years. Who was brainwashed? Lol. Your Christian ancestors roll in their graves when you pray to allah
Thanks for clearing it all up Anthony
Haha…Stop trying to convience Italian Americans who’ve probably never even visited Italy about what goes on over there or teach American educated New Yorkers history. This is all too American. All they know is their neighborhoods. Many Italians also live in Albania btw.